FACTORS INFLUENCING ANTENATAL VISIT AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING IFAKO IJAYE GENERAL HOSPITAL

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FACTORS INFLUENCING ANTENATAL VISIT AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING IFAKO IJAYE GENERAL HOSPITAL

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

The United Nations estimates that 529 000 women die each year from complications during pregnancy and childbirth [AbouZahr & Wardlaw, 2004]. In Nigeria, it is estimated that approximately 59,000 of maternal deaths take place annually as a result of pregnancy, delivery and post delivery complications [WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, 2007] despite the available antenatal health care services. A Nigerian woman is 500 times more likely to die in childbirth than her European counterpart. Mortality ratio is about 800- 1,500/100,000 live births with marked variation between geo-political zones- 165 in south west compared with 1,549 in the North- east and between urban and rural areas [NDHS, 2003; NPC, 2008].

Each year, about 6 million women become pregnant; 5 million of these pregnancies result in child birth [WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, 2007]. Antenatal care refers to the care that is given to an expectant mother from the time that conception is confirmed until the beginning of labor [Viccars, 2003]. Adequate utilization of antenatal health care services is associated with improved maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Antenatal care is expected to have impact on the development of the fetus and the infant as well as mother and this can only be achieved through early booking and regular attendance of antenatal clinic.

According to WHO [2001] only 60% of women receive antenatal care in Nigeria, and not all of them attend the antenatal clinic regularly [Villar et al., 2001]. A study reported that with maternal risk held constant, low birth weight, and infant mortality were 1.5-5 times higher with late and less frequent antenatal care than with early and frequent care [Quick, Greenwick & Reghman, 1991]. A study carried out on reproductive health issues showed that in 69% of the recorded births, the mothers made 4 or more antenatal visits, while 20% made fewer than 4 visits and 6.3% did not attend at all which is contrary to WHO recommendation of 12 visits [Villar et al., 2001]. This shows that there are marked differential in the use of antenatal and same as been observed in Ife Central Local Government Area of Osun State Nigeria. Thus giving rise to the need to identify the factors influencing the utilization of antenatal clinic among pregnant women in Ife Central LGA, Osun State Nigeria

1.2 Statement of the problem

The trend of maternal mortality in developing countries has been increasing and various international organizations have reported that an important factor related to maternal and infant mortality has been linked to lack of antenatal care [Villar, et al. 2001]. According to Federal Ministry of Health [2005], some of the dangers of pregnancy and childbirth can be avoided if the pregnant woman attends antenatal regularly. In order to decrease these mortality rates, regular antenatal care has to be instituted or reinforced which can only be achieved through identifying factors causing poor utilization of antenatal care services.

1.3 Objectives of the study

• To understand the trend of utilization of antenatal care services by pregnant women in Ife Central local government area, Osun State.

• To assess the level of knowledge of pregnant women about antenatal care services in Ife Central local government area.

• To determine the factors influencing the utilization of antenatal care services among pregnant women in Ife Central local government area.

1.4 Research hypothesis

Null Hypothesis

• There is no significant difference between distance/proximity of ANC clinic to residence of pregnant women under study and the utilization of ANC services.

• There is no statistically significant association between socio-demographic characteristics of pregnant women and their utilization of ANC services.

• There is no significant difference between the knowledge of pregnant women under study and their utilization of ANC services.

1.5 Significant of Study

This study will enable the health care professional to determine the factors causing poor or irregular utilization of antenatal care services and how to eradicate it. It will also help the government to develop and implement new policies towards encouraging proper utilization of antenatal care services, which will help to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality rates,

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