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FACTORS AFFECTING WILLINGNESS TO STUDY AGRICULTURE AMONGST SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Career is the sequence of occupation, job or position occupied by a person during his entire life (Janick 1994). Therefore, it is an accepted fact that one should choose and prepare for  a carer ealy enough in life. Hence, Secondary school agricultural students need to be exposed to career opportunities in agriculture.

Agriculture according to Egbe (2004) is an art, a science, a business, profession, occupation and industry for production of food and fibre for man’s use. It is very extensive in scope and has many career opportunities. Egbe (2004) listed the careers open for students of agriculture in the areas of (i) Self-reliance in production of various crops, fishery, poultry, pigery, rabitary, or distribution of farm produce. (ii) Civil service  work in Ministry of Agriculture, National Directorate of Employment, Agricultural agencies e.t.c. (iii) Research Stations (iv) Agro-allied industries like detergents, processing, supplies, textiles, feed meals e.t.c.

The willingness of any of these careers may be influenced by certain factors. Okorie (2000) said that factors that limit willingness of occupation are the things that prevent individuals from entering into the occupation. He stresses further that those factors as the nature of preparation, job remunerations, returns to the  occupations, motivation and incentives, technicality involved   in the occupation and the status of the job.

In a similar manner, Eze (2004) enumerated factors that limit students willingness of agricultural occupations as the level of exposure to carer occupations, quality of teaching agriculture, returns to agriculture projects, availability of inputs for agricultural enterprise, and public image of agricultural occupations.

In this study, factors that affect willingness of agricultural career by secondary  school students refer to cause of poor retention of graduates in agric jobs. The causes of the low retention of the graduates on agriculture jobs is determined to improve the programme. Determination here refers to the  assessment or ascertaining the factors responsible for the low willingness of agriculture careers in Ikwo L.G.A.

PROJECT TOPIC- FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENT’S WILLINGNESS OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AS A CAREER AFTER SECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION IN IKWO SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Statement of the Problem

It has been generally observed that the number of secondary school graduates  taking agriculture as a career is low  as majority of farmers in the study area are adult farmers. There must be some variables which are responsible for the low willingness of agriculture as a carer by secondary school graduates. These variables or factors have not been determined in the study area because there is no record on the causes   of low willingness of agriculture as a career. As the factors militating willingness of agriculture as a career are not determined.

It  is very difficult  for the teachers and stakeholders of agriculture education programme to improve the teaching of agriculture so that graduates of the course can choose it as a career. If this problem is allowed to continue, it will adversely reduce the workforce and agricultural productivity. It is therefore necessary to determine factors affecting willingness of agriculture as a career by secondary school graduates for the purpose of improving agricultural programmes, food production and retention of graduates in the job

Purpose of the Study

The general purpose of the study is to determine those factors that are affecting secondary school students in choosing agricultural science as a career after their secondary education. The study sought to find:

The quality of teaching agriculture science/practical in secondary school.

The remuneration given to agriculture science graduate on the farm.

The value attached to farm by public.

The nature of returns to agricultural production.

Significance of the Study

This explains who will benefit and  how the group will benefit. From this study , the researcher pointed out some of those that will benefit. The following are going to benefit from choosing agriculture as a career: The individual; The society; The Nation.

When an individual choose agriculture as a carer, food an other essentials of life will not be bought in themarket. His demand that are scarce before will not continue.

The society will benefit from agriculture production, because as secondary school graduates are motivated into choosing agriculture as a career after secondary school will help to  increase food and animal production which are the demand of every living being.

The nation will also benefit from agricultural production when the young farmers are given incentive (loans) that will help them to be productive enough. As known to all that agriculture produce foreign exchange to other countries and as such generate income to the local, state, and federal government.

The study will help to enlighten the individual, society and the public on the crucial role of agriculture in the economic development of the local, state and federal government if some of the critical problems like scarcity of land, capital, remuneration to farmers are solved.

Therefore, a saying goes  that a budget man is an angry man, any person(s)  that did not eat will not stand firmly to speak but if the person eats food he can stand and speak. Therefore the researcher concluded that energy come from agricultural produce and so it should be given an attention at all time. Meanwhile when farmers are regarded by the public, then those youth graduating from secondary school  will be motivated into the field as a career without any biased mind.

Research Question

What is the quality of teaching/practical of agricultural science in secondary school.

What is the nature of remuneration given to agricultural science graduates

To what extent is farming valued by the public.

What is nature of returns to agricultural production in the study area.

Finally, the study covers only the secondary schools   in Ikwo south Local government area .   and  College of Education Ikwo where the researcher finds all those facts that affect the student to  and change the course of study  after secondary school.

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