THE USE OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN THE TREATMENT OF MALARIA AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN ABRAKA DELTA STATE

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THE USE OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN THE TREATMENT OF MALARIA AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN ABRAKA DELTA STATE

Abstract

Malaria remains a major public health concern, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where pregnant women are among the most vulnerable populations. In Nigeria, the high transmission of malaria coupled with limited access to healthcare facilities has led to widespread reliance on traditional medicine. This study examines the use of traditional medicine in the treatment of malaria among pregnant women in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria. It aims to explore the prevalence of traditional remedy usage, the factors influencing the choice of traditional medicine over conventional antimalarial treatments, and the perceived effectiveness and safety of these remedies.

A mixed-method research design was employed, incorporating both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with pregnant women in Abraka. The study found that a significant proportion of the women relied on traditional medicine to treat malaria due to cultural beliefs, ease of access, affordability, and perceptions of safety. However, concerns about the safety and efficacy of these treatments, especially during pregnancy, were also identified. The study highlights the need for better integration of traditional medicine with modern healthcare practices to ensure safer maternal health outcomes.

The findings of this research provide critical insights for healthcare providers, policymakers, and communities. It recommends stronger collaboration between traditional healers and modern medical practitioners to improve the safety and effectiveness of malaria treatment for pregnant women in malaria-endemic areas like Abraka.

Key terms: Malaria, traditional medicine, pregnant women, maternal health, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.

CHAPTER ONE:

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, which are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. It remains a major public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Nigeria, which accounts for a significant proportion of the global malaria burden. Pregnant women, in particular, are highly vulnerable to malaria, as it can lead to severe complications for both the mother and the fetus, including maternal anemia, low birth weight, stillbirth, and even maternal mortality. In areas like Abraka, Delta State, where malaria transmission is high, combating the disease is of critical importance.

Despite the availability of modern antimalarial treatments, many communities continue to rely on traditional medicine for managing and treating malaria. In Nigeria, traditional medicine has been part of cultural practices for centuries, especially in rural and semi-urban areas where access to healthcare facilities and conventional drugs may be limited. Traditional remedies, which include herbal concoctions, roots, leaves, and other plant-based materials, are commonly used by pregnant women to treat malaria due to their perceived safety, availability, and affordability.

This study aims to explore the use of traditional medicine in the treatment of malaria among pregnant women in Abraka, Delta State. Understanding the prevalence, effectiveness, and possible challenges of using traditional remedies in malaria treatment during pregnancy will provide insights into improving maternal healthcare in malaria-endemic regions.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Malaria poses significant health risks to pregnant women, contributing to maternal and fetal complications. While modern antimalarial drugs are widely available, many pregnant women in Abraka continue to rely on traditional medicine to treat the disease. Several factors, including cultural beliefs, cost barriers, and distrust of conventional healthcare, influence this reliance on traditional remedies.

However, the use of traditional medicine in pregnancy raises concerns about its safety, efficacy, and standardization. Herbal treatments are often not subjected to the same rigorous testing as pharmaceutical drugs, and improper dosages or the use of harmful plants can pose significant risks to both the mother and the fetus. Furthermore, many traditional healers may lack adequate knowledge of pregnancy complications, further complicating the issue.

Given the high malaria transmission rates in Abraka and the risks associated with treating pregnant women using unverified methods, this study seeks to investigate the reasons behind the continued use of traditional medicine and assess the implications for maternal and fetal health outcomes.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The primary objectives of this study are as follows:

To examine the prevalence of traditional medicine use among pregnant women in Abraka, Delta State, for the treatment of malaria.

To identify the factors influencing the choice of traditional medicine over conventional antimalarial treatments during pregnancy.

To assess the perceived effectiveness and safety of traditional medicine in the treatment of malaria among pregnant women.

To explore the potential risks and challenges associated with using traditional remedies for malaria treatment during pregnancy.

To provide recommendations on integrating traditional and modern healthcare practices to improve maternal health outcomes in malaria-endemic areas.

1.4 Research Questions

This study aims to answer the following research questions:

What is the prevalence of traditional medicine use in treating malaria among pregnant women in Abraka, Delta State?

What factors influence pregnant women’s decision to use traditional medicine over conventional treatments?

How do pregnant women perceive the effectiveness and safety of traditional medicine in malaria treatment?

What are the potential risks of using traditional medicine for treating malaria during pregnancy?

How can traditional medicine practices be integrated into modern healthcare systems to enhance maternal health outcomes?

1.5 Significance of the Study

The findings of this study will be of immense benefit to various stakeholders, including healthcare providers, policymakers, and pregnant women in Abraka, Delta State. Understanding the role of traditional medicine in malaria treatment during pregnancy will provide healthcare professionals with insights on how to address cultural practices while promoting safer maternal healthcare options. Policymakers can use the results to develop guidelines that integrate traditional remedies into mainstream healthcare, ensuring that pregnant women receive effective and safe malaria treatment. Additionally, the study will contribute to the growing body of literature on the intersection between traditional medicine and modern healthcare in Nigeria, providing a basis for future research.

1.6 Scope of the Study

This study focuses on pregnant women residing in Abraka, Delta State, and their use of traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria. It will explore the various types of traditional remedies commonly used, their perceived effectiveness, and any associated health risks. The study will also examine the factors influencing the choice of traditional medicine over conventional antimalarial drugs, while considering the broader context of maternal health and healthcare accessibility in the region.

1.7 Definition of Terms

Malaria: A life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes.

Traditional Medicine: A range of health practices, knowledge, and beliefs incorporating plant, animal, and mineral-based medicines, spiritual therapies, and manual techniques used by indigenous or local communities to treat illnesses.

Pregnant Women: Women carrying a developing fetus within their uterus during gestation.

Antimalarial Drugs: Medications used to prevent or cure malaria by killing or inhibiting the growth of malaria-causing parasites.

Maternal Health: The health of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study ………………………………………………… 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem …………………………………………….. 4
1.3 Objectives of the Study ……………………………………………….. 6
1.4 Research Questions …………………………………………………… 7
1.5 Significance of the Study …………………………………………….. 8
1.6 Scope of the Study …………………………………………………….. 9
1.7 Definition of Terms ……………………………………………………. 10
1.8 Organization of the Study ………………………………………….. 12

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………….. 14
2.2 Overview of Malaria and Its Impact on Pregnant Women …….. 15
2.3 Traditional Medicine: Definitions and Cultural Significance …. 18
2.4 Traditional Methods for Treating Malaria ………………………….. 22
2.5 Effectiveness and Safety of Traditional Remedies ……………… 25
2.6 Factors Influencing the Use of Traditional Medicine …………… 29
2.7 Integration of Traditional Medicine and Modern Healthcare …. 33
2.8 Gaps in Existing Literature ……………………………………………. 36
2.9 Theoretical Framework ……………………………………………….. 38

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………….. 41
3.2 Research Design ……………………………………………………… 42
3.3 Population of the Study ……………………………………………… 44
3.4 Sampling Techniques ………………………………………………… 45
3.5 Data Collection Instruments ………………………………………… 47
3.6 Validity and Reliability of Instruments ……………………………. 49
3.7 Method of Data Analysis ……………………………………………. 51
3.8 Ethical Considerations ………………………………………………. 53

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………….. 56
4.2 Demographic Characteristics of Respondents …………………. 57
4.3 Prevalence of Traditional Medicine Use ………………………….. 60
4.4 Factors Influencing the Use of Traditional Medicine ………….. 63
4.5 Perceived Effectiveness and Safety of Traditional Medicine .. 66
4.6 Risks and Challenges Associated with Traditional Remedies .. 69
4.7 Summary of Findings …………………………………………………. 72

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………….. 74
5.2 Summary of Findings ………………………………………………… 75
5.3 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………. 78
5.4 Recommendations …………………………………………………… 80
5.5 Suggestions for Further Research …………………………………. 83

REFERENCES …………………………………………………………… 85

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