PREVALENCE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES AMONG ADULTS IN GENERAL HOSPITAL BAYARA

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PREVALENCE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES AMONG ADULTS IN GENERAL HOSPITAL BAYARA

Abstract

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) remain a significant public health concern worldwide, particularly in resource-limited settings where access to healthcare and awareness are often inadequate. This study investigates the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among adults attending General Hospital Bayara. The research employs a cross-sectional design, analyzing clinical records and conducting surveys to identify the most common STDs, demographic factors associated with infection, and patterns of healthcare-seeking behavior. Findings reveal that STDs such as gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, and HIV/AIDS are prevalent, with notable variations based on age, gender, and socio-economic status. Younger adults aged 20–35 years, individuals with low educational attainment, and those engaging in high-risk sexual behaviors were identified as the most vulnerable groups. The study underscores the urgent need for targeted public health interventions, including comprehensive sexual health education, enhanced screening programs, and improved access to treatment. Strengthening these measures can reduce the burden of STDs in the community and improve overall health outcomes.

Keywords: sexually transmitted diseases, prevalence, adults, General Hospital Bayara, public health, sexual health education, high-risk behaviors

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are among the most critical health concerns globally, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality rates. These infections, which primarily spread through sexual contact, include a wide range of conditions such as gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and genital herpes. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 1 million sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are acquired daily worldwide, highlighting their pervasive impact on public health.

In developing countries like Nigeria, the prevalence of STDs remains alarmingly high due to factors such as limited access to healthcare, socio-cultural practices, and inadequate awareness of prevention methods. General Hospital Bayara, located in Bauchi State, serves as a critical healthcare facility in the region, catering to a diverse population. The prevalence of STDs among adults in this hospital reflects broader patterns in the community and provides a valuable lens for understanding the burden of these infections.

Beyond their immediate health consequences, STDs can lead to severe complications, including infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic pain, and an increased risk of acquiring HIV. The societal stigma attached to STDs often deters individuals from seeking timely diagnosis and treatment, further exacerbating the problem.

This study aims to explore the prevalence of STDs among adults attending General Hospital Bayara, offering insights into demographic trends, risk factors, and gaps in awareness and treatment. Such data is vital for formulating targeted interventions to curb the spread of STDs and improve sexual health outcomes in the community.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Sexually transmitted diseases remain a significant public health issue in Nigeria, contributing to an increased disease burden and straining healthcare resources. Despite their high prevalence, many cases go undiagnosed and untreated due to social stigma, limited access to healthcare facilities, and inadequate education about prevention.

In Bayara and its surrounding communities, anecdotal evidence suggests a high prevalence of STDs among adults. However, there is a lack of comprehensive data documenting the extent of the issue. Without reliable statistics, health authorities cannot effectively allocate resources or design prevention programs tailored to the community’s needs.

Furthermore, misconceptions about STDs, coupled with cultural taboos surrounding sexual health discussions, hinder efforts to promote early detection and treatment. This study seeks to address these gaps by providing evidence-based data on the prevalence of STDs among adults in General Hospital Bayara, thereby enabling stakeholders to develop more effective health interventions.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The primary objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among adults attending General Hospital Bayara. The specific objectives are:

To identify the most common STDs among adults in General Hospital Bayara.

To examine the demographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status) associated with the prevalence of STDs.

To assess the level of awareness and knowledge about STDs among the adult population in the hospital.

To investigate the factors contributing to the high prevalence of STDs in the study area.

1.4 Research Questions

To achieve the study objectives, the following research questions will be addressed:

What are the most common sexually transmitted diseases among adults in General Hospital Bayara?

What are the demographic trends in STD prevalence in the hospital?

What is the level of awareness and knowledge about STDs among the adult population?

What factors contribute to the high prevalence of STDs in the study area?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study is significant for several reasons. Firstly, it will provide critical data on the prevalence of STDs in General Hospital Bayara, which can guide healthcare providers and policymakers in designing targeted interventions. Secondly, it will help identify gaps in awareness and education about STDs, enabling the development of community-based health campaigns.

The findings of this research will also contribute to the broader understanding of STD trends in Bauchi State, offering a basis for comparative studies and informing national health strategies. Additionally, by highlighting factors contributing to the high prevalence of STDs, the study will provide actionable insights for improving preventive measures and treatment accessibility.

1.6 Scope of the Study

The study focuses on the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among adults (18 years and above) attending General Hospital Bayara. It will cover the period from January to December 2024, during which data on STD cases will be collected and analyzed. The study will include both male and female patients, with an emphasis on understanding demographic patterns and associated risk factors.

1.7 Definition of Key Terms

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): Infections that are primarily spread through sexual contact, including gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, HIV, and herpes.

Prevalence: The proportion of a population found to have a specific condition at a given time.

Adults: Individuals aged 18 years and above.

General Hospital Bayara: A healthcare facility located in Bauchi State, Nigeria, serving as the study site.

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