nutriNUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT OF SORREL(YAKUWA)

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NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT OF SORREL(YAKUWA)

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Hibiscus sabdariffa locally known as “Yakuwa” is a well-adapted crop in the semi-arid zone of West Africa including Nigeria and it is generally planted as a border crop. The leaves are used as vegetable and the floral parts in the preparation of “Sobo”, a local drink. The stem provides fibre and the seeds are eaten by scavenging poultry. The seed of Hibiscus sabdariffa is said to have high protein value and it is on account of its protein content that it is well priced for human consumption in French West Africa (Mali, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Cote D’ Voire). However, in Nigeria larger quantities of the seeds of this crop are wasted on the farm annually and just enough being collected and stored for planting.

However new low-cost oil seed crops are needed to produce inexpensive oils suitable for food, pharmaceuticals and industrial applications. One of the possible alternative crops is Hibiscus sabdariffa, also known as sorrel or Roselle because some parts of the plant such as leaves, stem, calyxes, had been used hence the seed could be a source of vegetable oil. It is an herb belonging to the Malvaceae family, which is grown in Nigeria, India and West Indies and to some extent in tropical America [2].

Vegetable oils and fats are an important renewable source of raw materials in the chemical industries as they are used in the manufacture of various industrial products. Thus, there is a need to expand the existing supplies of vegetable oils and fats for both domestic and industrial use. It is especially important to pay more attention to the underutilized tropical seed oils in Nigeria. These works review some areas where vegetable oils can be modified or used as industrial raw material [3].

petroleum based raw materials in the chemical industries; furthermore they are more environmentally friendly [4]. The use of vegetable fats and oils for both edible and industrial uses dates back to antiquity. They are obtained mainly from the seeds of a plant. Traditionally, vegetable oils are used for cooking, medicinal uses, soap and polish production, as insecticide, for lighting etc. Today, vegetable oil has found a wider application in the chemical industries leading to a higher demand for these oils.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In Nigeria, there abound a vast number of seeds produces by the available tropical plants that are potential sources of industrial oil which if well harnessed can enhance the supply of vegetable oil as raw materials. The popular seed oil such as palm oil, groundnut oil, soya bean oil, palm kernel oil has been widely used for both edible and industrial applications. The dual usage of some of these oils has caused a kind of scarcity and higher demand leading to relatively higher price of crops like soya bean whereas, a lot of the locally available seeds that are potential sources of industrial oil are still largely under-utilized or neglected. Sorrel seeds, which until now have not have any commercial applications, are a source of a vegetable oil that is low in cholesterol and rich in other phytosterols and tocopherols, particularly β-sitosterol and 8tocopherol. The overall characteristics of roselle seed oil allow for important applications and represent added value for its cultivation.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The Oil seed crops are vital sources of oils of nutritional, pharmaceutical and industrial importance. The characteristics of oils from different source depend mainly on their compositions and no oil from a single source can be suitable for all purpose.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY