THE RELATIONSHIP OF EATING HABITS AND LIFESTYLE BEHAVIOURS TO STRESS LEVEL AMONG NIGHT SHIFT WORKERS

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THE RELATIONSHIP OF EATING HABITS AND LIFESTYLE BEHAVIOURS TO STRESS LEVEL AMONG NIGHT SHIFT WORKERS

Abstract:

This research investigates the intricate relationship between eating habits, lifestyle behaviors, and stress levels among night shift workers. Night shift work presents unique challenges to individuals’ health and well-being, and understanding how dietary patterns and lifestyle choices influence stress is crucial for developing targeted interventions. Through surveys, dietary assessments, and stress level measurements, the study aims to unveil patterns, correlations, and potential mitigating factors. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on occupational health, offering insights that can inform workplace policies, support mechanisms, and individual coping strategies for night shift workers.

Keywords:

Night Shift Workers, Eating Habits, Lifestyle Behaviors, Stress Levels, Occupational Health, Workplace Wellness.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

The modern workforce landscape has seen a significant rise in night shift work across various industries, including healthcare, transportation, manufacturing, and hospitality. Night shift work, which involves working during the night hours, disrupts the body’s natural circadian rhythm and can lead to various physiological and psychological challenges for workers. One such challenge is increased stress levels, which can have detrimental effects on workers’ health, well-being, and job performance.

To serve the economic and societal demands of the 24/7 economy, it is necessary for a large part of the workforce to work around the clock. Shift work that includes night work has been recognized as one of the most prevalent occupational risk factors, affecting about 15–20% of the workforce in Europe and the U.S. (Parent‐Thirion et al. 2016; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 2018). The high proportion of shift workers is a growing public health concern, because shift work increases the risk of chronic conditions, such as obesity and diabetes (Gan et al. 2015; Nea et al. 2015; Proper et al. 2016; van Drongelen et al. 2011). To develop preventive measures that mitigate the adverse health effects of shift work, it is necessary to understand the mediating pathways linking shift work to obesity and diabetes.

A higher prevalence of unhealthy behaviors has also been hypothesized as an underlying pathway of the adverse health effects of shift work, as shift work-induced circadian misalignment affects the timing of exercise, eating, and sleep (Nea et al. 2015; Souza et al. 2019; Wang et al. 2011). Previous systematic reviews concluded that shift workers have poorer sleep quality and dietary patterns compared to non-shift workers (Amani and Gill 2013; Linton et al. 2015; Souza et al. 2019), although this may differ by sex and educational level (Kelly et al. 2020). There are also indications from a few observational studies that shift workers are less physically active and that they smoke more often than non-shift workers (Loprinzi 2015; Nabe-Nielsen et al. 2011; Trinkoff and Storr 1998; van Amelsvoort et al. 2006; Vandelanotte et al. 2015). One study found that middle-aged shift workers were in particular less physically active (Kelly et al. 2020).

In today’s fast-paced world, the prevalence of night shift work has become increasingly common across various industries, ranging from healthcare to manufacturing and beyond. While these unconventional work schedules offer flexibility and operational efficiency, they often come at a cost to workers’ well-being, particularly in terms of their eating habits, lifestyle behaviors, and stress levels.

The relationship between night shift work and health outcomes has long been a subject of interest among researchers and healthcare professionals. However, one aspect that remains relatively underexplored is the intricate interplay between eating habits, lifestyle behaviors, and stress levels among night shift workers. Understanding this relationship is crucial, as it can shed light on potential avenues for intervention and support to mitigate the negative impact of night shift work on workers’ health and well-being.

Eating habits, influenced by the irregular timing of meals and availability of food options during night shifts, play a significant role in the overall health outcomes of night shift workers. Additionally, lifestyle behaviors such as physical activity, sleep patterns, and coping mechanisms for stress can further exacerbate or alleviate the stress experienced by night shift workers.

Stress, in particular, is a pervasive issue among night shift workers, stemming from factors such as disrupted circadian rhythms, social isolation, and increased work demands. The relationship between stress and eating habits/lifestyle behaviors is bidirectional, with stress often leading to maladaptive eating behaviors and vice versa, creating a cycle that can perpetuate negative health outcomes.

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