LEGAL FRAMEWORK ON INTERNATIONAL THAT PREVENT THE USE OF FEMALE CHILD SOLDIERS IN ARMED CONFLICT

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LEGAL FRAMEWORK ON INTERNATIONAL THAT PREVENT THE USE OF FEMALE CHILD SOLDIERS IN ARMED CONFLICT

INTRODUCTION

The use of child soldiers in armed conflicts is a grave violation of international humanitarian and human rights law. While the plight of male child soldiers often receives considerable attention, the recruitment and use of female child soldiers remain an equally critical, yet underreported issue. Female child soldiers are subjected to the same brutalities as their male counterparts, but they also face unique challenges, including sexual exploitation, forced marriages, and severe psychological trauma. Addressing this issue requires a robust legal framework that specifically prevents the recruitment and use of female child soldiers in armed conflicts.

International law has established several conventions, treaties, and protocols aimed at protecting children from the horrors of armed conflict. These legal instruments include the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), its Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (OPAC), the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC), and various United Nations Security Council resolutions. Despite these efforts, the implementation and enforcement of these laws remain challenging, particularly in regions plagued by ongoing conflict and instability.

This study examines the existing legal framework designed to prevent the use of female child soldiers in armed conflicts, evaluating its effectiveness and identifying areas where improvements are needed. By analyzing international treaties, national legislations, and the roles of international organizations, this research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the legal mechanisms in place and their impact on protecting female child soldiers.

Despite the existence of international legal instruments aimed at protecting children from recruitment and use in armed conflicts, the practice continues in various parts of the world. Female child soldiers are particularly vulnerable due to their gender, facing not only the hardships of combat but also gender-based violence. The problem lies not only in the lack of legal provisions but also in the implementation and enforcement of these laws. This study seeks to address the gap in the current legal framework and its application, focusing on the specific vulnerabilities of female child soldiers.

CHILD RIGHT ACTS

In Nigeria, laws related to children and young persons cover a wide range of aspects aimed at protecting their rights, welfare, and development. Here are some key laws and regulations concerning children and young persons in Nigeria:

Child Rights Act (2003): This Act provides comprehensive protection for children under the age of 18. It covers issues such as child marriage, child labor, child trafficking, education, health care, and juvenile justice. The Child Rights Act is intended to ensure that children enjoy their fundamental rights and freedoms in Nigeria.

Compulsory, Free Universal Basic Education Act (2004): This Act mandates that every child in Nigeria has the right to free and compulsory basic education. It aims to promote universal access to education for children, regardless of their background or circumstances.

Nigerian Constitution: The Constitution of Nigeria also contains provisions that protect the rights of children and young persons. It guarantees their right to life, dignity, education, and protection from discrimination.

Child and Family Welfare Policy (1989): This policy outlines Nigeria’s commitment to protecting and promoting the welfare of children and families. It emphasizes the importance of family support, child protection services, and community involvement in safeguarding children’s rights.

Juvenile Justice System: Nigeria has laws and regulations that govern the juvenile justice system, aiming to provide special protection and care for children in conflict with the law. These laws promote rehabilitation and reintegration rather than punishment for juvenile offenders.

Labor Laws: Various labor laws in Nigeria regulate the employment of young persons, ensuring that they are protected from exploitative labor practices and have access to education and vocational training.

Sexual Offences Laws: Specific legislation addresses sexual offenses against children and young persons, including rape, sexual exploitation, and abuse. These laws impose severe penalties for perpetrators and provide support services for victims.

These laws and policies are designed to safeguard the rights and welfare of children and young persons in Nigeria, promoting their development and protection from various forms of exploitation and abuse. They reflect Nigeria’s commitment to upholding international standards and obligations concerning children’s rights and welfare.

Child Rights Act (2003):

This Act provides for the protection of the rights of the Nigerian child. It includes provisions on child protection, child custody, education, health care, and social services. The Act defines a child as any person below the age of 18 years.

Compulsory, Free Universal Basic Education Act (2004):

This Act makes education compulsory and free for every child of primary and junior secondary school age in Nigeria. It aims to ensure that every child has access to basic education without discrimination.

The Trafficking in Persons (Prohibition) Enforcement and Administration Act (2015):

While primarily addressing human trafficking, this Act also includes provisions aimed at protecting children from being trafficked for forced labor, sexual exploitation, or other forms of exploitation.

The Child Rights Act (2003) (CRC):

It domesticates the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and provides legal protection for children in Nigeria.

MORE DETAILS AND INFORMATION ON

Nigeria child rights laws,acts, penal codes,criminal codes.

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